It's *possible* that I would feel better about psychodynamic theory if psychodynamic theorists used more inclusive language. They write, "X happens because Y," and I think "Bullshit! And furthermore, do you mean that whenever Y happens, X necessarily results, or that whenever X happens, it must be because of Y? But I don't really care, because it sounds like bullshit anyway, even if you did dredge up one example where both X and Y happened to 'support' your 'case.'"

Whereas, if they wrote, "Sometimes X can happen because Y," I would think, "Hmm, that seems odd at first reading, but sure, different people are different; maybe it does sometimes happen that way. Yeah, that seems like it could even be an example of it."

Amazing what a difference one word can make.